强调与分裂句

英语

It is…that/who（分裂句）

英语分裂句用 it is/was + 强调成分 + that/who/which：

强调人：

• It was John who left.
• It was Mary that I saw. (that 口语中也可指人)

强调事物：

• It was the dog that ate my homework.
• It was in Paris that we met.

强调时间：

• It was yesterday that he left.
• It was at 3 PM when the phone rang.

强调原因：

• It was because of you that we failed.

强调方式：

• It was by accident that I found it.

What…is（假分裂句）

• What I want is peace.
• What surprised me was his reaction.
• What we need is more time.

全分裂句（强调全部）：

• All I want is your love.
• All she did was complain.

反假分裂句

• Peace is what I want.
• His reaction is what surprised me.

重音（语调）

英语口语中，重音是主要强调手段：

• I did tell you. (对比——你说我没说)
• I did tell you. (对比——我没瞒你)
• I did tell you. (对比——不是别人)

书面中，用斜体、大写或副词：

• I did tell you. / I DID tell you. / I certainly told you.

否定前置与倒装

当否定副词前置时，主语和助动词倒装：

• Never have I seen such beauty.
• Rarely does he complain.
• Not until yesterday did I understand.
• Only then did she realize.
• Hardly had I arrived when it started raining.

不前不倒：

• I have never seen such beauty. (正常语序)

前置不倒装

宾语和副词可前置强调而不倒装：

• This book I have read. (宾语前置)
• Quickly he ran. (副词前置)
• A fool he is not. (谓语前置)